The Dark Ages
Feudalism:
- Increasing violence and lawless countryside led to the creation of Feudalism
- Weak turn to the strong for protection, the strong something from the weak
- Feudalism worked because of the notion of mutual obligation, or voluntary co-operation from serf to noble
- A man's word was the cornerstone of their social life (Honor and respect means everything)
Church
Expanding Influence of the Church:
- Christian Church has been (become) an important political, economic, spiritual and cultural force in Europe
- Leading officials of Church were the Pope and Patriarch
- Banning of heresy (Holding beliefs that contradicts the official religion)
- Conversed by fort
- Eventually in 11th Century, Church split into two independent branches Eastern Orthodox (Greek) based in Constantinople and Roman Catholic Church (Rome)
Faith Age:
- Daily life has a lot to do with church life. Ceremonies in the church
- Art was used to help tell the stories of the Bible
- Crusades was used way to demonstrate your faith.
Golden Age:
- Christians holidays: Celebrating their religious beliefs
- Art was used to help tell the stories of the Bible to help communicate and educated -- No literacy)
- People went on pilgrimages to promote religion/faith
Dark Age:
- Crusades caused religious conflict with the Muslim (Very destructive)
Manor System:
- An obligation between lords, peasants, and serfs
- The manor was made up of the lord's house, a church, farm land, and the peasants and serfs' small huts.
- It was a self-sufficient community meaning that they made everything for themselves like food.
There's changes to be made . . .
Political Development in England
How did Henry II improve English law?
- People couldn't be put in jail for crimes not committed until a jury was there sentenced them. It means that people couldn't get jailed pr prosecuted anymore just for nothing.
- King John agreed that he could no longer just tax or arrest anyone at his will, and that the Vhruch and the nobles be consulted before he made any decisions
- No free man could be jailed except by the lawful judgment of the law and of the land
- The Model Parliament was a government body created to include more people in the government, like commoners in 1295
- Because it shifted s bit of power to the commoners meaning that they were no longer incredibly dependable on the lords anymore
- It put some limits to the nobles' powers
The Bubonic Plague (The Black Death)
What areas of the world were affected by the spread of the plague in the 14th century?
- Central Asia, China, India, the Middle East and then Europe
- Because it had a symptom that was blue-black swellings on the skin
- Dirty conditions on boats
- It was spread by fleas that had fed onto infected rats on trading ships
- The fleas would then jump from person to person infecting many people
- The outbreak killed 24 million Europeans (1/3 of the pop.) so trade slowed and the economy needed to be rebuilt
- Since so many people dies then manual laborers were needed urgently, which shifted most of the power to the commoners that would do the work