Renaissance
Renaissance notes:
- Renaissance = French word meaning rebirth
- Took place between 1300-1500 C.E.
- This "rebirth" is most noticed by an increase in the arts and learning
Causes of the Renaissance:
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Effects of the Renaissance:
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The Renaissance art was influenced by the Classical and Medieval art from the periods before
Classical Art:
- 500 B.C.E. and 500 C.E.
- Life like and nude or yoga wearing figures
- Calm/no emotions
- Heroic figures and real life jobs
- Little background in paintings
Medieval Art:
- 500-1300 C.E.
- Religious images
- Very stiff with little movement
- Flat - 2D figures
- Bright paint color and actual gold leaving
Renaissance Art:
- 1300-1600 C.E.
- Life like and 3D images
- Expressions on faces
- Perpective with images in foreground and background
- Realistic light and images
Advances in the arts during the Renaissance
Two advances in painting Styles:
- Perspective: It created appearance of depth. It was more life-like.
- Geometry: How to divide a space in a painting to make scenes appear more as they would in real life -- It resembles normal life, more through
- Shading: Careful shading could make paintings look 3D.
- Lines: When lines were closer together the sense of distance was strengthen.
Differences between Medieval sculptures and Renaissance sculpture:
- Renaissance now had more feelings and emotions carved in their faces and body positions.
- Renaissance sculptures represented humanist ideas of individuality and independence.
- Donatello's: It was extremely life-like. It was as if another human that was made out of marble instead of muscle.
- Michelangelo's: His David represented male beauty, and humanist ideas.
Architecture improvements during the Renaissance:
- Renaissance architects began to use elements like rounded arches, straight columns, and doomed roofs.
- The wealthy families built grand palaces that had shop levels at the bottom and their homes at the top, but they were also built around a courtyard that showed off the works of art of Renaissance artists.
- The domes, with the help of engineering, didn't need internal support systems,or columns because they used hoops of iron, wood, and brick rapped around the arches to keep them upright a strong without falling.
Writing during the Middle Ages:
- Most of the pieces were written in Latin (Only read by a few who could read Latin)
- Used formal impersonal writing
- It dealt with religious topics
- Wrote more secular stories, and were highly interested in individual experiences and the world around them.
- Writers used individual styles and expressed thoughts and beliefs about life
- By the end of the Renaissance writers had stopped writing in Latin, and had begun to write in their own dialects
Famous Renaissance Artists
Michelangelo:
- Lived from 1475 to 1564
- He created the world wide known sculpture of David
- He was under the Medici family to learn art since he viewed art above education
- Was a sculpture, painter, and writer
- He had little interactions with other people, preferred to be a "lone wolf"
William Shakespeare:
- Lived from 1564 to 1616
- Became an actor with a theater company
- Widely known for his sonnets
- Skilled actor/ great poet/ playwright
Machiavelli
** Fun fact: Machiavelli in spanish resembles the word maquiavelico, which means sinister **
Notes:
** Immortality may be necessary in their rule **** He believed a King should not be loved but fear because then he has complete control **
- Born in May 3rd, 1469
- Lived in Florence and worked to improve the government of the Medici family
- His book The Prince written in 1513is his most famous work
- The Prince outlined Machiavelli's idea of an ideal government
** Immortality may be necessary in their rule **** He believed a King should not be loved but fear because then he has complete control **
I conclude, therefor, with regard to being feared or loved that men have control of their love, but the prince will rely on what he can control and not what controls others. He must be careful, however, not to make men hate him." -- Machiavelli
Martin Luther (Not the one that brought on the Civil Rights movement)
His life:
- Was a monk in Germany
- In 1517 he posted his 95 Theses on the door of a church. It was his list of argument against the Catholic Church
- He posted his book because the church was selling indulgences to people, a paper that stated the buyer would be clean of sin, in order to make money
- Luther believed that the only way to cleanse you soul of your sins was for God to forgive them, not a paper
- Because of his beliefs he started the Reformation, where the church divided itself further, creating three more sects
- Within the help of the Printing Press (Invented by Johannes Gutengburg, German) he spread his beliefs, and his book, to the large masses
- He wrote his ideas in the Vernacular (Common language of the people)